From ReformedWord
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Wisdom Literature is a genre which attempts to impart to the reader Wisdom, that is, seeing reality for what it is and acting accordingly. Wisdom is often devalued in culture, though not always so. Ancient Near Eastern texts that are word-for-word identical to some of the Biblical proverbs have been found. Earlier in Western Society, Philosophy and Science were not differentiated (Natural Philosophy) and was the study of Man's relationship to natural.
In the Bible we find Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs in this genre. Other books (such as the Epistle of James) are technically in another form, but share this kind of approach towards knowledge. Conversely, while the Psalms are in the genre in general, not all the Psalms neatly fit in this tradition. Apocryphal books in this genre include Ecclesiasticus and the Wisdom of Solomon.